What is a Vasectomy?
A Vasectomy involves the cutting and sealing of the tubes that carry sperm to the penis. The process should be regarded a form of ‘permanent sterilisation’ because although reversible operations are possible it is estimated that these procedures have a low success rate.

After a vasectomy a man can still have an erection, enjoy a healthy sex life and pass fluid during intercourse, although it does not contain sperm. During ejaculation, sperm is still produced but it cannot pass through the penis and is naturally absorbed into the body.

A vasectomy is a highly reliable form of contraception. Research has shown that in only one out of 2,000 vasectomies does pregnancy occur.

What happens during a vasectomy?
The patient is placed under local anaesthetic before the operation takes place. Only in rare cases is general anaesthetic necessary.

The anaesthetic is applied to the scrotum and two small incisions are made. The tubes that carry the sperm from the testes are then cut and sealed. They are then sealed and the incisions closed using dissolvable stitches. Usually a dressing is not required.

Getting the most out of your consultancy
Prior to your surgery you will have a consultation with the surgeon who will ask about your medical background and any relevant previous treatments.

You have to make an informed decision before signing the consent form so make sure you ask plenty of questions. You want to feel relaxed and confident and completely understand what will happen during surgery.

You may want to know:

• About the surgeon’s qualifications.
• How many operations of your procedure are carried out each year.
• How you prepare for the surgery.
• About the side-effects and possible complications.
• How long it will take to recover.
• What happens if anything goes wrong.

After the procedure

• The operation area will be examined and you will be given advice about caring for the wounds and when you can return to work.
• Most people will feel ready to go home after a brief rest.
• As the anaesthetic wears off the scrotum may feel a little sore. A painkiller will ease any discomfort.
• It is advisable to avoid any vigorous exercise in the days after the operation as this may put strain on the healing wound.
• Wearing tight-fitting underwear will help ease any discomfort.

Vasectomies and contraception
It is important to remember that although the tubes have been cut and sealed, they will continue to contain sperm for several months. A sperm test will be required by the surgery eight weeks after the vasectomy and another two weeks later. The surgeon will advise when other forms of contraception can be discontinued.

All surgery carries an element of risk
Before you sign the surgery consent form you should be aware of any possible complications and side effects. Complications associated with any type of surgery include problems healing, the danger of infection and the potential formation of clots that may be life-threatening.

Excessive bleeding or bleeding under the skin, known as a haematoma, may require a return visit to the surgery. Some patients may also have an allergic reaction to anaesthesia.

It is possible that sperm can leak out of cut tubes and create hard lumps of what is known as granulomas. These are extremely rare but if they occur require a return visit to the surgery to be removed.

Complications are rare and depend greatly on individual circumstances such a person’s health. Your surgeon will be able to explain how the risks apply in your circumstances.