What is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is the examination of your colon and rectum with a flexible tube telescope about two centimetres in diameter. This instrument is gently inserted into the anus and then into the colon.

Why is a colonoscopy performed?
The examination is usually carried out to evaluate changes in the lining of the colon and examine why bowel problems may be occurring. A colonoscopy is also used as routine check before or after surgery and for the removal of small lumps of tissue known as polyps often found in the colon’s lining.

How much preparation is required?
Your surgeon will advise you on the type of cleansing routine that is required. However, generally the body should be empty of stools before the procedure. This may require the consumption of special cleansing solutions, laxatives or an enema before the procedure. It is vitally important that if you are referred for a colonoscopy that you follow the dietary instructions of the surgeon.

What to expect during a colonoscopy
In most cases you will be sedated during the procedure a general anaesthetic is usually not required. As the sedative takes effect you will begin to feel drowsy and relaxed. Lying on one side the colonoscope is gently inserted into the anus and air is passed into the tube to make the lining easier to see.

There is a light and lens at the end of the colonoscope that allows the surgeon to see if there is any abnormality within the colon. Once the examination is complete the instrument is carefully removed. If a surgeon finds an area that needs a more detailed evaluation he or she may take a biopsy sample that can be analysed by a laboratory.

After the procedure
Patients usually experience some discomfort or mild cramps after a colonoscopy as a result of the air in the colon. This will improve very quickly. You will also be able to eat normally and continue with your activities after leaving the surgery. However, it is advisable to avoid driving for a day as the sedative can impair reflexes.

All procedures carry an element of risk
Before you sign the surgery consent form you should be aware of any possible complications and side effects of a colonoscopy. Side effects may include a sensation of feeling sleepy and bloated. There may also be a small amount of blood found in stools if a biopsy has taken place.

There is a rare chance of damage to the colon during the examination which could lead to bleeding and infection. In some cases when a colonoscopy is not successful the procedure may be repeated. Complications are rare. Your surgeon will be able to explain how the risks apply in your circumstances.